Autism spectrum disorder is defined by a certain set of behaviors and is a “spectrum condition” that affects individuals differently and to varying degrees. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others.
There is no known single cause of autism, but increased awareness and early diagnosis/intervention and access to appropriate services/supports lead to significantly improved outcomes.
Some of the behaviors associated with autism include delayed learning of language; difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation; difficulty with executive functioning, which relates to reasoning and planning; narrow, intense interests; poor motor skills and sensory sensitivities.
Again, a person on the spectrum might follow many of these behaviors or just a few, or many others besides.
The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is applied based on analysis of all behaviors and their severity.
The Autism Society estimates that the United States is facing almost $90 billion annually in costs for autism.
This figure includes research, insurance costs and non-covered expenses, Medicaid waivers for autism, educational spending, housing, transportation, employment, related therapeutic services and caregiver costs.
There is no known single cause for autism spectrum disorder, but it is generally accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in brain structure or function. Brain scans show differences in the shape and structure of the brain in children with autism compared to in neurotypical children.
Researchers do not know the exact cause of autism but are investigating a number of theories, including the links among heredity, genetics and medical problems.
In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities, further supporting the theory that the disorder has a genetic basis.
While no one gene has been identified as causing autism, researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited.
It also appears that some children are born with a susceptibility to autism, but researchers have not yet identified a single “trigger” that causes autism to develop.
Other researchers are investigating the possibility that under certain conditions, a cluster of unstable genes may interfere with brain development, resulting in autism.
Still other researchers are investigating problems during pregnancy or delivery as well as environmental factors such as viral infections, metabolic imbalances and exposure to chemicals.
Autism is treatable. Individuals with autism do not “outgrow” autism, but studies show that early diagnosis and intervention lead to significantly improved outcomes. Here are some signs to look for:
•Lack of or delay in spoken language
•Repetitive use of language and/or motor mannerisms (e.g., hand-flapping, twirling objects)
•Little or no eye contact
•Lack of interest in peer relationships
•Lack of spontaneous or make-believe play
•Persistent fixation on parts of objects
For more information on developmental milestones, visit the CDC’s “Learn the Signs. Act Early” site.
